1. 为什么要使用VM?
条件限制
日常工作中，由于条件以及成本的限制，我们会在自己本地电脑上安装虚拟机装服务器系统，来满足自己工作中对服务器的需求。
虚拟化应用
因为我们接触了Docker 和 容器概念之后，很多虚拟化技术都是从虚拟机技术上做了改进从而演技过来的。所以掌握VM 是必备的要求。
2. VM 虚拟机开机自启动的操作步骤
很多时候，我们自己的电脑关机或者重启后，虚拟机并不会自行启动，需要我们手动启动虚拟机，如果我们只有一两台虚拟机，那没什么，启动很快，但是，如果我们有很多台虚拟机呢？10 台，20 台，甚至更多，难道我们还要手动一个个开机吗？那真是太让人头疼，又太浪费时间。下面，我们就讲下，如何让虚拟机在我们自己的主机开机时自动启动。
要说 VMware workstation 虚拟机开机自启动，在 VMware workstation 图形界面是找不到设置方法的，但是图形界面找不到设置方法，不代表它就没有设置方法。要设置开机自启动，首先，我们得了解下 VMware workstation 所提供的命令行工具
vmrun。
1. 使用vmrun.exe提供了虚拟机的自启动方法。
- VM 的安装目录，找一下
vmrun.exe文件。
2. 将VM 的安装目录, 添加系统的环境变量。
- 系统变量 Path: 添加
D:\vm（vm 安装目录）
3. 使用 CMD 命令，运行 vmrun命令，验证是否生效。
bash
$ vmrun
------------------------------- 输出如下信息 ----------------------------------------------------
vmrun version 1.17.0 build-16341506
Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS]
# 验证标志
AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS
--------------------
These must appear before the command and any command parameters.
# -T 代表目标类型，ws 表示工作站(即 Workstation )，一般使用此参数即可，其他很少使用，就不做解释
# 当然还有 server、esx、vc 等等，这里没有列出。
-T <hostType> (ws|fusion||player)
-vp <password for encrypted virtual machine>
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>
# 电源指令
POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
-------------- ---------- -----------
# 开启虚拟机
start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team
[gui|nogui]
# 关闭虚拟机
stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team
[hard|soft]
# 重置虚拟机
reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team
[hard|soft]
# 挂起虚拟机
suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team
[hard|soft]
pause Path to vmx file Pause a VM
unpause Path to vmx file Unpause a VM
# 快照指令
SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
# 列出虚拟机的快照数量及名称
listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM
[showTree]
# 为虚拟机创建快照
snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM
Snapshot name
# 删除虚拟机的快照
deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM
Snapshot name
[andDeleteChildren]
# 从一个快照恢复虚拟机
revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot
Snapshot name
GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Complete-Path-To-Program
[Program arguments]
fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS
Path to file in guest
directoryExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a directory exists in Guest OS
Path to directory in guest
setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
Host path
writable | readonly
addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
New host path
removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
enableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Enable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]
disableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Disable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]
listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS
killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS
process id
runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Interpreter path
Script text
deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS
Path in guest
createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest
deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest
CreateTempfileInGuest Path to vmx file Create a temporary file in Guest OS
listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest
CopyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host
Path in guest
CopyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest
Path on host
renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS
Original name
New name
typeKeystrokesInGuest Path to vmx file Type Keystrokes in Guest OS
keystroke string
connectNamedDevice Path to vmx file Connect the named device in the Guest OS
device name
disconnectNamedDevice Path to vmx file Disconnect the named device in the Guest OS
device name
captureScreen Path to vmx file Capture the screen of the VM to a local file
Path on host
writeVariable Path to vmx file Write a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name
variable value
readVariable Path to vmx file Read a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name
getGuestIPAddress Path to vmx file Gets the IP address of the guest
[-wait]
# 常用命令
GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
---------------- ---------- -----------
# 列出正在运行的虚拟机的数量及名称
list List all running VMs
# 升级虚拟机的文件格式，虚拟硬件
upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw
# 在 Guest 中安装工具
installTools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest
# 检查工具状态
checkToolsState Path to vmx file Check the current Tools state
# 删除一个虚拟机
deleteVM Path to vmx file Delete a VM
# 克隆虚拟机
clone Path to vmx file Create a copy of the VM
Path to destination vmx file
full|linked
[-snapshot=Snapshot Name]
[-cloneName=Name]
Template VM COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
--------------------- ---------- -----------
downloadPhotonVM Path for new VM Download Photon VM
Examples:
Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest
vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"
Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. 添加编写开机 vm_init_start.bat启动脚本。
nogui: 表示无图形界面启动gui:（默认）表示有图形界面启动
bash
@echo off & setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
# 启动 docker-harbor 虚拟机
vmrun -T ws start D:\vm_workspace\docker-harbor\docker-harbor.vmx nogui
# 启动 docker-zentao 虚拟机
vmrun -T ws start D:\vm_workspace\docker-zentao\docker-zentao.vmx nogui
# 启动 kubernete-node-02 虚拟机
vmrun -T ws start D:\vm_workspace\k8s-node-02\kubernete-node-02.vmx nogui
# 启动 kubernete-node-05 虚拟机
vmrun -T ws start D:\vm_workspace\k8s-node-05\kubernetes-node-05.vmx nogui注意： 脚本需要把 # 号上的注释去掉，不然脚本执行不生效。
- 附上关机
vm_all_stop.bat脚本
bash
@echo off & setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
vmrun list > vmlist.txt
for %%i in (vmlist.txt) do (
set "f=%%i"
for /f "usebackq delims=" %%j in ("!f!") do set/a n+=1
for /f "delims=" %%m in ('"type "!f!"|more /E +1 & cd. 2^>!f!"') do set/a x+=1&if !x! leq !n! echo;%%m>>!f!
set/a n=0,x=0
)
for /f "delims=" %%a in (vmlist.txt) do (
vmrun -T ws stop "%%a" nogui
)
pauses5. 用 Win10 创建计划任务，将脚本实现开机启动。
5.1 常规-设置
名称：
vm_boot安全选项：
不管用户是否登录都运行- 勾选
使用最高权限运行
配置：选择
Windows 10
5.2 触发器-设置
- 新建选择
启动时
5.3 操作-设置
- 新建添加程序
vm_init_start.bat脚本